Zion – Mount Carmel Highway

The highway consist of the eastern half of Utah State Route 9 and runs from the south entrance of Zion National Park (on the northeastern border of Springdale) easterly (passing through the 1.1-mile [1.8 km] long Zion-Mt. Carmel Tunnel) to the Mount Carmel Junction with U.S. Route 89 in Mount Carmel Junction. The road became part of a loop tour of Zion, Bryce Canyon National Park, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park.[2]

The route was surveyed in 1923 by B.J. Finch, district engineer of the US Bureau of Public Roads, Howard C. Means, a Utah state engineer, and John Winder, a local rancher. The National Park Service evaluated alternative routes, including one that used Parunuweap Canyon (following the East Fork Virgin River), but settled on the Pine Creek route, which required a tunnel through the Great Arch. Detailed design work on the road was carried out by the Bureau of Public Roads. Details including bridges, retaining walls, culverts, and other features were designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Design under the supervision of Thomas Chalmers Vint. Work began in 1927 on a total of 25 miles (40 km) of road, which was completed in 1930.[3]

The highway features a 5,613-foot (1,711 m) tunnel that follows the profile of the Pine Creek Canyon wall at a consistent distance of 21 feet (6.4 m) from the outside face of the rock to the centerline of the tunnel. The west portal is framed by a masonry facade of cut sandstone, while the east portal is a naturalistically formed hole in the rock, entered directly from a bridge. Construction proceeded using mining techniques rather than traditional tunneling techniques, starting from a stope and working outward to the portals.[4] The tunnel uses galleries to provide light and ventilation through the canyon wall to the outside air. The galleries also provided a place to dispose of rock generated during construction, which was dumped through the galleries into the canyon. Parking spaces were originally provided at the galleries, but were discontinued due to safety concerns. Some galleries have been repaired and partially closed with concrete due to damage from rockslides. The interior of the tunnel is rock-faced, with concrete reinforcement at selected locations.

Townsend, Montana

Lewis and Clark passed through on the voyage of discovery in 1805, although the first white settlers, homesteaders and Civil War veterans in search of gold, did not arrive until the late 1860s.[5] In 1883, a railstop was established as businesses became established supporting gold mining in the region. Townsend was named by railroad officials, in honor of the wife of Charles Barstow Wright, president of the Northern Pacific (1875–1879).

Townsend is located at 46°19′13″N 111°31′4″W / 46.32028°N 111.51778°W / 46.32028; -111.51778 (46.320218, -111.517642).[6] and is situated at approximately 3800 feet above sea level. Townsend is located approximately 35 miles from Helena, the state capital and 35 miles from the convergence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin rivers which form the headwaters of the Missouri River. Nicknamed "the first city on the Missouri River", Townsend sits nearby the southern tip of Canyon Ferry Lake (a part of, and fed by, the Missouri River) a popular recreation destination and Montana's third largest body of water.

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 1,878 people, 822 households, and 495 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,188.6 inhabitants per square mile (458.9/km2). There were 888 housing units at an average density of 562.0 per square mile (217.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% White, 0.2% African American, 1.5% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

West Glacier, Montana

West Glacier is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in eastern Flathead County, Montana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 227.[1] The town is at the west entrance to Glacier National Park and is located on U.S. Route 2 and a main line of the BNSF Railway. The headquarters complex for Glacier National Park is located nearby.[2]

Remote and almost inaccessible, the West Glacier area drew only limited attention by white settlers until the main line of the Great Northern Railway (GNR) reached the northern Rocky Mountains in 1890. The transcontinental GNR was completed on January 6, 1893, at Scenic, Washington.[3]

The railroad established a station named "Belton" at the current West Glacier site, and a small community slowly began to develop in the area. A post office was established at Belton in 1900. The number of homesteaders and other settlers remained small, however, due to the region's rugged, heavily forested terrain.

Wisdom, Montana

Wisdom is a small town in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States. The population was 98 at the 2010 census.[1] The ZIP Code of the area is 59761. The town includes three tourist lodgings, service station, grocery, school (K-8), post office and a Forestry Service office. It is also included within the boundaries of the Wisdom, Montana, Census Designated Place, which is named after the town.

Wisdom is located at 45°36′58″N 113°26′59″W / 45.61611°N 113.44972°W / 45.61611; -113.44972 (45.616120, -113.449742).[3] According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.99 square miles (2.56 km2), of which 0.98 square miles (2.54 km2) is land and 0.0077 square miles (0.02 km2), or 0.82%, is water.[1] Wisdom's average elevation is 6,245 feet (1,903 m), about 1.2 miles above sea level.[4]

Wisdom, owing to its high altitude and northerly location, has a subalpine climate (Köppen Dfc) with long, cold, dry winters and short summers with very warm afternoons and cold, clear mornings. With over 277 mornings each year below freezing and only July ever completely frost-free, Wisdom is in terms of frequency of frost one of the coldest places in the United States. During major cold waves, Wisdom’s location in an enclosed valley can make for exceptionally cold temperatures: −55 °F (−48.3 °C) was reached during a great cold wave on December 23, 1983, and −50 °F or −45.6 °C has been reached during seven years, though not since February 4, 1989. Typically there are 47 mornings falling to or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C, and as many as seven fall as low as −25 °F or −31.7 °C, whilst 69.8 afternoons do not top freezing, a tally twice as large as central Montana areas affected by warm chinook winds.

Stanford, Montana

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the town was $22,679, and the median income for a family was $34,479. Males had a median income of $22,813 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,253. About 9.7% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 401 people, 198 households, and 110 families residing in the town. The population density was 911.4 inhabitants per square mile (351.9/km2). There were 247 housing units at an average density of 561.4 per square mile (216.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.2% African American, 2.0% Native American, 0.2% from other races, and 0.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 198 households of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.4% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.72.

Trego, Montana

West Yellowstone, Montana

West Yellowstone is a town in Gallatin County, Montana, adjacent to Yellowstone National Park. The population was 1,271 at the 2010 census. The town is served by Yellowstone Airport. It is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was founded in June 1908 when the Oregon Short Line Railroad was completed. The town's name changed several times until West Yellowstone was settled upon in 1920.[4]

For many, the town of West Yellowstone is a place to stay while traveling through Yellowstone National Park. The town is separated into two parts, residential and commercial, roughly at the road D Parkway. South of D Parkway (Alley) is mainly a business area; north of it is an area of homes and apartments. The area north of D Parkway is known to locals as the "Madison Addition". The town has one school, serving kindergarten through 12th grade.[5]

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 1,271 people, 617 households, and 298 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,588.8 inhabitants per square mile (613.4/km2). There were 969 housing units at an average density of 1,211.3 per square mile (467.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 86.6% White, 0.4% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 7.5% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.9% of the population.

Wise River, Montana

Stevensville, Montana

Stevensville is officially recognized as the first permanent settlement in the state of Montana. Forty-eight years before Montana became the nation's 41st state, Stevensville was settled by Jesuit Missionaries at the request of the Bitter Root Salish Amerindians.

Through interactions with Iroquois working in the fur trade between 1812 and 1820, the Bitter Root Salish learned about Christianity and Jesuit missionaries (the Blackrobes as they were called) that worked with Native Americans teaching about agriculture, medicine, and religion. Interest in these "blackrobes" grew among the Salish and, in 1831, four young Salish men were dispatched to St. Louis, Missouri to request a priest to return with them to their homeland of present-day Stevensville. The four Salish men were directed to the home and office of William Clark (of Lewis and Clark fame) to make their request. At that time Clark was in charge of administering the territory they called home. Through the perils of their trip two of the Salish died at the home of General Clark. The remaining two Salish men secured a visit with St. Louis Bishop Joseph Rosati who assured them that missionaries would be sent to the Bitter Root Valley when funds and missionaries were available in the future.

Again in 1835 and 1837 the Bitter Root Salish dispatched men to St. Louis to request missionaries but to no avail. Finally in 1839 a group of Iroquois and Salish met Father Pierre-Jean DeSmet in Council Bluffs. The meeting resulted in Fr. DeSmet promising to fulfill their request for a missionary the following year.

Trout Creek, Montana

Trout Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sanders County, Montana, United States. The population was 261 at the 2000 census. Trout Creek was proclaimed "Huckleberry Capital of Montana" by the state's legislature in 1981.

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Trout Creek has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[2]

As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 261 people, 109 households, and 72 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 139.9 people per square mile (54.2/km²). There were 135 housing units at an average density of 72.4 per square mile (28.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.87% White, 1.92% Native American, and 4.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.92% of the population.